Trichoptera: Philopotamidae of Gunnison County, ColoradoDolophilodes aequalis - Finger-net Caddisflies, Medium evening sedge (Banks 1924)Updated 20 January 2023
TSN 183769 Good LinksOther Websites:Photos, Map, Museum specimens, DNA - Barcodinglife.org ReferencesArmitage,BJ 1991 Diagnostic atlas of the North American caddisfly adults. I. Philopotamidae (2nd ed.). Athens, AL: The Caddis Press. 79 pages.Banks,N 1924 Descriptions of new neuropteroid insects. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 65:421-455. Described as Philopotamus aequalis. Djernæs,M 2010 Morphology, function and evolution of the sternum V glands in Amphiesmenoptera. PhD thesis, University of Alberta. 368 pages. Quote from page 3-4: "Fenestrae (a pair of patches of transparent cuticle) are present on sternum IV in females of Philopotamidae (Trichoptera), Eriocraniidae, Neopseustidae and Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) (Davis 1975; Ivanov & Melnitsky 1999, 2002). Ivanov and Melnitsky (1999, 2002) reported secretory tissue directly connected to the fenestra in philopotamids without the presence of either a gland sac or gland duct. This is structurally simpler than the typical gland configuration; hence Ivanov and Melnitsky (1999, 2002) suggested this as the gland type originally found in ancestral Amphiesmenoptera." Djernæs,M and Sperling,FAH 2012 Exploring a key synapomorphy: correlations between structure and function in the sternum V glands of Trichoptera and Lepidoptera (Insecta). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 106: 561-579. Quote from page 28: " Cuticular modifications : Annulipalpia: A patch of scaly cuticle surrounding the gland opening (Figures 2-2 B-E; 2-3 A, B; 2-4 C, D; 2-5 D, E; 2-17 A, F; 2-18 A) is found in several annulipalpians: representatives of Dolophilodes and Wormaldia(both Philopotamidae), Ecnomus tenellus (Ecnomidae), Xiphocentron haitiense (Xiphocentronidae), Lype diversa and Tinodes sigodanus (both Psychomyiidae). The size of the individual ‘scales’ strongly suggests that each ‘scale’ is produced by one epidermal cell, with the grooves between the ‘scales’ demarcating the border between individual epidermal cells. " Hauer,FR; Stanford,JA; Ward,JV 1989 Serial discontinuities in a Rocky Mountain river. II. Distribution and abundance of Trichoptera. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 3, 177-182. Jannot,JE and Kerans,BL 2003 Body size, sexual size dimorphism, and Rensch's rule in adult Hydropsychid caddisflies (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, 1956-1964. Ross,HH 1938 Descriptions of nearctic caddis flies (Trichoptera) with special reference to the Illinois species. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 21 4, 101-183. Sukacheva,ID and Rasitsyn,AP 2004 Jurassic Insects (Insecta) from the Sai-Sagul Locality (Kyrgyzstan, Southern Fergana) Paleontol. J. 38(2): 182-186. PDF The genus Dolophiloides was present during the Jurassic. Ward,JV 1981 Altitudinal distribution and abundance of Trichoptera in a Rocky Mountain stream. In Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Trichoptera (pp. 375-381). Springer Netherlands. Williams,DD, Tavares,AF and Bryant,E 1987 Respiratory device or camouflage? A case for the caddisfly. Oikos 50(1): 42-52. PDF Abstract:"Two hypotheses exist as to the function of the tubular cases constructed from silk and debris by caddisfly (Trichoptera) larvae. One proposes that they provide protection for the larvae by camouflaging them against their background or by providing resistance to the jaws of predators. The other proposes that the case acts as an aid to respiration as, by undulating its abdomen, the larva can create a flow of water through the case and over its gills. We measured, in respirometer chambers at 13°C, the uptake of dissolved oxygen by larvae of 22 species of caddisfly representing a variety of habitat types and phylogenetic lines. Oxygen uptake by larvae in their cases was compared with that of larvae without cases and the species fell into three basic groups: in Group A, representing seven families, the cases appeared to confer a respiratory advantage upon the larvae through reduced levels of oxygen uptake and moderation of respiration rates (i.e., by optimizing rather than maximizing oxygen consumption); in Group B, representing two families, the cases appeared to be a disadvantage to respiration (larvae in their cases consumed more oxygen than they did in the absence of their cases); and in Group C, representing the largest family, the Limnephilidae, for most of the species tested the cases appeared to confer no respiratory advantage (no differences between the amounts of oxygen consumed by larvae in their cases and alone). Given the many uses to which silk has been put in the Trichoptera, it seems reasonable to suppose that construction of a tubular case does not dictate a single function across all case-building species. Our data point to a respiratory function in some species but to a non-respiratory function (probably protection from predators) in others, particularly in the Limnephilidae." |